The polar-orbiting TIROS-1 provided forecasters with the first view of cloud patterns as they developed and moved across the continent. One of the most exciting moments in NOAA history was April 1, 1960, when the first weather satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida. Television Infrared Observation Satellites (TIROS) In 1959, the TIROS program was transferred to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This spacecraft was named TIROS, short for Television Infrared Observation Satellite. Weather satellites date back to 1958 when the Department of Defense (DoD) began developing spacecraft specifically for meteorological purposes.
Because of this orbit, these satellites are able to collect global data on a daily basis for a variety of land, ocean, and atmospheric applications. A satellite in a polar orbit passes above (or nearly above) both the North and South Poles on each revolution around Earth. Polar satellites are spacecraft that follow a nearly polar orbit of the Earth. While NOAA satellite functions have evolved over the years to provide data used in ocean, coastal, and agricultural research, the following text discusses the history and uses of NOAA satellites for weather research and forecasting. Both types of satellites are necessary for a complete global weather network. NOAA's operational environmental satellite system is a complement of polar-orbiting environmental satellites (POES) and geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES). Originally built and operated primarily to support the needs of the National Weather Service's global forecasting responsibility (the polar-orbiting satellite program) and their weather warning service (the geostationary satellite program), today data are used not only for weather forecasting, but also for a range of applications, from studying oceans and coastal regions to monitoring of the ozone hole over the South Pole and the space environment. The agency’s satellite operations grew out of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Department of Defense early space programs and the desire to study our Earth from a vantage point high in the sky.
NOAA’s satellites have stood watch over the U.S. Historical overview of NOAA GOES satellites.
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